Fort Severn First Nation is located on Hudson Bay and is the most northern community in Ontario, Canada. As of 2001, the population was 401, consisting of 90 families in an area of 40 square kilometres. The legal name of the reserve is Fort Severn 89; most Indian reserves in Canada have a number after the name.
The town is linked by winter road/ice roads in the winter to Peawanuck, Ontario in the east, and Shamattawa, Manitoba and Gillam, Manitoba.
Fort Severn is policed by the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service, an Aboriginal-based service.
This area was inhabited for thousands of years by varying cultures of indigenous peoples. At the time of European contact, the historic Ojibwa, an Anishinaabe-speaking people, lived in the area.
In 1689 the Hudson's Bay Company built Fort Severn at this site; it was one of the earliest English fur trading posts in the New World. After years of international competition between the English and French, with their wars playing out in North America, the French attacked the outpost and pillaged it in 1782 when they were allies of the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolutionary War.
In the early 20th century, when the federal government negotiated a treaty with the First Nations, it set aside land for a native reserve in the Rocksand area at the confluence of the Severn and Sachigo Rivers, with the consent of the leaders at the time. In 1973, the reserve was relocated to the mouth of the Severn River on Hudson Bay, for more direct access to shipping. The reserve achieved full status on January 11, 1980.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||